2、进一步了解中层带生物的视觉适应性。用你所学的写一篇文章,或利用网上不涉及侵犯版权的视频或图片,写一篇文章或制作一个迷你的纪录片。内容需包括对这种适应性与生活在低光照环境中的陆地生物对比的讨论。 参考资料: • Frank. T. and Widder, E. (2002). Visual Ecology and Bioluminescence. NOAA “Islands in the Stream: Exploring Underwater Oases”
• Warrant, E. (2004). Vision in the dimmest habitats on Earth. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 190: 765-789.
• Warrant, E. and Locket, N.A. (2004). Vision in the deep sea. Biological Reviews 79(3): 671-712.
• Douglas, R.H. and Partridge, J.C. (2011). Visual adaptations to the deep sea. In Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology: From Genome to Environment. Amsterdam: Elsevier
3、研究海洋生物学领域中声学的历史发展和现代应用。参照中层带生物学研究的技术挑战,探讨声学如何在中层带的研究中得到应用。面对这些挑战,有哪些有前景的声学或其他方面的技术? 参考资料: • University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography: Discovery of Sound in the Sea
• Jabr, F. (2010, August 5). Gleaning the gleam: A deep-sea webcam sheds light on bioluminescent ocean life. Scientific American.
4、 阅读Carol Robinson 2010年写的一篇文章,“Mesopelagic zone ecology and biogeochemistry - a synthesis。”把你所学到的知识制作成一张信息图,说明海洋在地球碳循环过程中的重要性,着重对深海中的被动和主动碳运输进行解释。根据你在第一节中所学到的,气候变化将会如何影响微光区的生态,又会给地球系统带来什么样的后果?尤其要思考一下海洋分层化、缺氧以及酸化情况加剧所造成的影响。
5、 阅读Nobel Prize scientific backgrounder on the discovery of GFP。研究已有的或自己开发的一个项目。其中需要涉及到GFP生物技术应用,其他从海洋物种中分离出来的蛋白质及(或)其他从深海物种中分离出来的生物分子。如果你们是小组合作,将不同种类的分子分配到个人,然后分享各自所学成果。
相关资源: • Ocean Research and Conservation Association (ORCA) http://www.teamorca.org/ • Schrope, M. (2013, January 25). The giant squid stalker. Slate. • Widder, E. (Presenter) and TED (Producer). (2011). The weird, wonderful world of bioluminescence [Video]. • Warren, D.R. (Producer and Director). (2008). NOVA scienceNOW Profile: Edith Widder [Video]. WGBH Boston. • Widder, E.A. (2010). Bioluminescence in the oceans: origins of biological, chemical and ecological diversity. Science 328: 704-708. • Haddock, S., Moline, M., and Case, J. (2010). Bioluminescence in the sea. Annual Review of Marine Science 2: 443-493. • Pierebone, V., Gruber, D., and Nasar, S. (2007). Aglow in the Dark: The Revolutionary Science of Bioluminescence. Boston: Harvard University Press. • NOAA’s “Bioluminescence 2009: Living Light on the Deep Sea Floor” Exploration http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/09bioluminescence/welcome.html • American Museum of Natural History: Creatures of Light http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/creatures-of-light • Widder, E. (2003). The Bioluminescence Coloring Book, 2nd ed. Florida: Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. • Johnsen, S. (2001). Hidden in plain sight: the ecology and physiology of organismal transparency. Biological Bulletin 201: 301-318.
经典实验、研究及文章:
1. Shimomura, O., Johnson, F. H., Saiga, Y. (1962). Extraction, purification and properties of Aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, Aequorea. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 59: 223-239.这篇文章描述了首次生物发光蛋白的分离和研究,这是生物技术领域的分水岭。
2. 数位科学家都发现,动物是影响深海散射层声传播的主要因素,其中最重要的是:•Marshall, N.B. (1951). Bathypelagic fishes as sound scatters in the ocean. Journal of Marine Research 10: 1-22. •Tucker, G.H. (1951). Relation of fishes and other organisms to the scattering of underwater sound. Journal of Marine Research 10: 215-238.